A throttle potentiometer is normally located on the throttle body, at the opposite side to the throttle linkage, Its purpose in life is to inform the ECU of the throttle position. Early potentiometers were not potentiometers at all but simply switches that informed the ECU of either idle or full throttle conditions.
As ECU's became more sophisticated it was found that there was a need for a more accurate method of measuring the interim throttle position, hence the potentiometer.
The potentiometer type sensor is also used to measure the rate of change of throttle position, this gives an indication of how fast the driver wants to accelerate or decelerate.
